[简中] [申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（三）阅读官方申请条件—2

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前篇[申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（二）阅读官方申请条件—1带大家看完前两项要点，这篇带大家把官方申请条件看完。

（三）Policy Manual > Volume 6 > Part F > Chapter 5 (Continued)

    第三项要点 Third Prong: On balance, it would be beneficial to the United States to waive the job offer and thus the permanent labor certification requirements

以下节录原文其中几段内容。

This last prong requires the petitioner to demonstrate that the factors in favor of granting the waiver outweigh those that support the requirement of a job offer and thus a labor certification, which is intended to ensure that the admission of foreign workers will not adversely affect the job opportunities, wages, and working conditions of U.S. workers. ^[56]

我想如果有在关心台积电的人，多少知道亚利桑那州的工会跟台积电的纠纷。在第三项要点要审核的就是你对于美国的就业及工作环境而言，除了没有负面影响之外，审核人员更看重是否能有更积极正面的影响，如下所述。

Therefore, in establishing eligibility for the third prong, petitioners may submit evidence relating to one or more of the following factors, as outlined in Matter of Dhanasar :

• The impracticality of a labor certification application; ^[58]
• The benefit to the United States from the prospective noncitizen’s contributions, even if other U.S. workers were also available; ^[59] and
• The national interest in the person’s contributions is sufficiently urgent, ^[60] such as U.S. competitiveness in STEM fields .

我的硕士学位是密西根大学生物医学工程硕士，与美国追求在STEM 领域的竞争力不谋而合。但光是学位相关是不足以说服审核人员的，最好可以跟国家政策绑在一起，后面会有更详细的说明和举例。

More specific considerations may include:

• Whether urgency, such as public health or safety, warrants foregoing the labor certification process;
• Whether the labor certification process may prevent an employer from hiring a person with unique knowledge or skills exceeding the minimum requirements standard for that occupation, ^[61] which cannot be appropriately captured by the labor certification; ^[62]
• Whether the person’s endeavor has the potential to generate considerable revenue consistent, for example, with economic revitalization; and ^[63]
• Whether the person’s endeavor may lead to potential job creation.

在拜登政府任内，非常强调要把制造业带回美国（之后会导读美国总统的行政命令），我第一份和第二份工作刚好都是在制造业当控制工程师。所以对国家整体利益有迫切性。第二份工作的公司又是提供产品给疫苗制造的厂商之一，对于对抗 COVID-19 有不少贡献，所以对于公共卫生也有重要性。同时 COVID-19 带来的供应链失调，对于美国国家安全也有重大影响。

第二个萤光绿字讲 Labor Certification 只能检验一个人是否具有基本的能力，但对于各位读者／NIW 申请者的能力来说，是不足以检验出你在各领域的特殊长才。我想大部分的人都会在 Cover Letter 里面这样写，所以这是必要条件而非充分条件。

第三个萤光绿字回到拜登政府对于强化振兴美国本土制造业的政策方针，宣示要把制造业带回美国，振兴美国本土的制造业，然后持续产生规模庞大的获利。这部份我们会引用官方及民间的文献以及数据来佐证，决不会只出一张嘴话唬烂。

最后一个是创造更多就业机会，这是写 Cover Letter 一定会着墨的点。另外还有改善贫富悬殊、缩小城乡差距、推动 STEM 线上教育等等计画，笔者在后面的申请文件写作方面会做更多的陈述。

（四）对于科学、技术、工程或数学（STEM）高等学位的特定考量

接着我们看 Chapter 5 - Advanced Degree or Exceptional Ability 的 2. Specific Evidentiary Considerations for Persons with Advanced Degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics (STEM) Fields 来看看甚么样的证据可以拿来证明 STEM 领域的各位读者有足够能力完成你所提的目标或促进它的发展。

以下节录其中几段内容。 

USCIS recognizes the importance of progress in STEM fields and the essential role of persons with advanced STEM degrees in fostering this progress, especially in focused critical and emerging technologies ^[65] or other STEM areas important to U.S. competitiveness ^[66] or national security . ^[67]

^{原文中的参考文件 [66] 和 [67] 都是相当棒的内容，可以参酌作为写作 Cover Letter 的材料。}  

The lists of critical and emerging technology subfields published by the Executive Office of the President, by either the National Science and Technology Council or the National Security Council, are examples of authoritative lists. ^[68]  Officers may find that a STEM area is important to competitiveness or security in a variety of circumstances, for example, when the evidence in the record demonstrates that an endeavor will help the United States to remain ahead of strategic competitors or current and potential adversaries, or relates to a field, including those that are research and development-intensive industries, ^[69] where appropriate activity and investment, both early and later in the development cycle, may contribute to the United States achieving or maintaining technology leadership or peer status among allies and partners.

如果你的专业出现在参考文件 [68] 里头，恭喜你！你可以在你的 Cover Letter 中引用这份文件，用以佐证对于美国而言有国家级的重要性。参考文件 [69] 可以搭配使用上述第三项要点，说服审核人员豁免你的 PERM 和 Labor Certification 以避免美国于国家经济上的损失。

For the second prong, as mentioned above, the person’s education and skillset are relevant to whether the person is well positioned to advance the endeavor. ^[71] USCIS considers an advanced degree, particularly a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), in a STEM field tied to the proposed endeavor and related to work furthering a critical and emerging technology or other STEM area important to U.S. competitiveness or national security, an especially positive factor to be considered along with other evidence for purposes of the assessment under the second prong. ^[72]

这边强调一个对于美国在国际竞争与国家安全有重要性的 STEM 领域博士学位有特别加分，但是没有说是必要条件。有些传闻说要有博士学位才能申请的误会可能由此诞生。

最后原文整理了三个重点，描述一个强而有力的申请案件长甚么样子，笔者直接帮各位画重点。

When evaluating the third prong and whether the United States may benefit from the person’s entry, regardless of whether other U.S. workers are available (as well as other factors relating to prong three discussed above, such as urgency), USCIS considers the following combination of facts contained in the record to be a strong positive factor:

• The person possesses an advanced STEM degree, particularly a Ph.D.;
• The person will be engaged in work furthering a critical and emerging technology or other STEM area important to U.S. competitiveness; and
• The person is well positioned to advance the proposed STEM endeavor of national importance.

接着请各位读者阅读下一篇文章，参考如何撰写申请所需的 Cover Letter。

笔者亦有以下文章，敬请指教。

• [申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（零）名词解释 Petitioner vs Applicant
• [申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（一）找合作的律师事务所   
• [申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（二）阅读官方申请条件—1
• [申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（三）阅读官方申请条件—2
• [申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（四）撰写 Cover Letter—1
• [申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（五）撰写 Cover Letter—2
• [申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（六）撰写推荐信 Letter of Recommendation
• [申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（七）组装 NIW I-140 申请文件包
  
• [申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（八）领事馆处理 Consular Processing
• [申办绿卡] EB-2 NIW 国家利益豁免绿卡申请教学（九）谘询服务与申请文件买家回馈

参考资料：

1. Matter of DHANASAR, Petitioner  
   感谢 Dr. Dhanasar 的抗争，让 NIW 的审核视野变得更宽广。所以研究 NIW 的你，应该已经看过 Dhanasar 这个名字了。
2. EB2 NIW application mistakes to avoid
   
3. 8 misconceptions about EB-2 NIW green card process
   
4. Publications and citations for NIW green card
   
5. New version of ETA-9089 form
   
6. How to qualify for National Interest Waiver  
   这篇提及如何找政府资料来佐证你的申请案件。
   
7. How to assemble the I-140 petition for EB2 NIW
   
8. EB-2 NIW processing time
9. EB2 NIW cover letter : what it is and how to prepare one
   
10. Personal Statement for EB2 NIW
    
11. A guide to EB2 NIW Recommendation Letters
12. The Adjustment of Status for EB2 NIW
    
13. Concurrent or separate EB2 NIW application?
    
14. Understanding Retrogression: What It Means, Why It Happens, and How to Manage It
    
15. Traveling during green card process
    
16. Guide to Consular Processing for EB2 NIW green card
    

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